42 10 490 https://mallhistory.org/files/original/3bb9863bedea33067c7dea26cc0a42c4.jpg 71e05f735c0bfbabd6b4505ed4eaa315 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 1939 Birthplace Lubbock, Texas Occupation Artist Biographical Text A native of Texas, Goodacre is a sculptor who specializes in bronzes. Some of her more well known works include the Vietnam Women's Memorial on the National Mall and the Irish Memorial in Philadelphia. After winning a national contest, Goodacre was selected to design the Sacagawea dollar which entered circulation in 2000. First Name for nav purposes Glenna Last Name for nav purposes Goodacre Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Glenna Goodacre Description An account of the resource Glenna Goodacre is the designer and sculptor of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/65">Vietnam Women's Memorial,</a> dedicated in November 1993. Goodacre wanted the memorial's figures to show despair, dedication, and hope of the nurses and servicewomen serving in Vietnam. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph courtesy of Goodacre Studio. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenna Goodacre design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/92378c1bf1ee1895e67775b871e2c2e9.jpg 4245781e3870ee45596316cbb463cd85 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 607 Height 588 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 04/16/1854 Birthplace Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania Death Date 05/18/1951 Occupation Activist Biographical Text Jacob Sechler Coxey was born in Pennsylvania in 1854. At the age of 16 he went to work in a mill alongside his father. By the time he left at 24 he had been promoted to engineer. He moved to Massillon, Ohio, in 1881 where he bought a sandstone quarry which he used to produce sand for the booming steel and glass industries. By the early 1890s he also owned a stock farm and racing horse stables. Coxey had a lifelong interest in economic issues. He decided the best way to combat unemployment in the 1890s was to put the unemployed to work improving the roads, and proposed that this project could be financed by federal lawmakers through a bond system. In 1894, with the encouragement of friend <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/93">Carl Browne</a>, he decided to lead a <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/161">march on Washington</a> to raise support for his plan. The result was the first ever march on Washington. Coxey spoke at the Capitol in defiance of the law and was arrested. After the march he returned to Ohio and sought public office, continuing to advocate for economic reform. In 1914, Coxey returned to Washington and spoke on the steps of the Capitol without hinderance. He did so again in May 1944, on the 50th anniversary of his historic attempt. Coxey died in Massillon in 1951 at the age of 97. Bibliography Carlos A. Schwantes. "Coxey, Jacob Sechler." In American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press, 2000. First Name for nav purposes Jacob Last Name for nav purposes Coxey Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jacob S. Coxey Description An account of the resource Jacob Coxey led the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/161">first march on Washington</a> in the spring of 1894. Starting in Massillon, Ohio, Coxey marched to the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/59">Capitol</a> to bring attention to the plight of unemployed Americans. Coxey proposed that the federal government subsidize a labor program for the unemployed. At the time, a law prohibited gatherings on the Capitol Grounds, but Coxey believed in his cause and tried to give a speech. He was arrested and then jailed for 20 days. Coxey returned in 1914 and successfully spoke on the Capitol steps pleading for a jobs program for the unemployed. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005015542/">View original photograph</a>. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1890-1919 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jacob S. Coxey politics & protest https://mallhistory.org/files/original/9f1c075696b118289dcc88e065f60ffd.jpg eebda1e06a7963978286fdaf4bfee70c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 705 Height 800 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-grounds/frederick-law-olmsted People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 04/26/1822 Birthplace Hartford, Connecticut Death Date 08/28/1903 Occupation Landscape Designer Biographical Text Frederick Law Olmsted was born in Hartford, Connecticut on April 16, 1822. In 1848, his father bought him a farm on Staten Island, where he spent the next eight years conducting experiments in scientific agriculture. Olmsted visited Europe three times during the 1850s, studying city parks and other landscapes. A journalist, social critic, and public administrator, Olmsted wrote for Putnam’s Monthly Magazine, a literary journal, and he co-founded the magazine The Nation. In 1857, he collaborated with Calvert Vaux to enter a design competition for Central Park in New York City. They won, and Olmsted and Vaux collaborated on other projects, including city parks, residential neighborhoods, and academic campuses. After the Civil War, they founded a company that specialized in park design. Olmsted believed that preserving nature in urban spaces created a positive environment that would foster good citizenship. His final project was George W. Vanderbilt’s Biltmore Estate, near Asheville, North Carolina. He retired in 1895, passing his firm on to his son, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/78">Frederick Jr.</a>, and step-son John Charles. Bibliography Charles E. Beveridge. "Olmsted, Frederick Law," American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. First Name for nav purposes Frederick Last Name for nav purposes Olmsted Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Law Olmsted Description An account of the resource In 1783, the Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds commissioned Olmsted, who had co-designed Central Park in New York City, to design the grounds of the Capitol. Olmsted created a park-like plan that complimented the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/59">Capitol building</a>. His plan added marble terraces on the northern, western, and southern sides of the building, and a <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/7">summerhouse </a>for visitors on the side near the Mall. Olmsted's career designing park systems and as an urban planner influenced design plans for the National Mall into the 1900s. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Architect of the Capitol. <a href="http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-grounds/frederick-law-olmsted">View original image.</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1860-1889 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frederick Law Olmsted https://mallhistory.org/files/original/4762b1c05193e7e321f8cacba93fd049.jpg 8406fe6c6f5082940b023b22d37229e8 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 148 Height 159 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Downing Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Halpin Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1852 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NPG.2004.23 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 10/31/1815 Birthplace Newburgh, New York Death Date 07/28/1852 Occupation Landscape Designer Author Biographical Text Downing was born in Newburgh, New York in 1815. After finishing school at 16, Downing helped his brother manage the family business designing botanic gardens and nurseries. He developed an interest in landscape and domestic architecture, and began projects in his home town. Downing started writing articles on horticulture and landscape design for magazines. In 1841 he published his first book, A Treatise of the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, in which he advocated for an English, romantic-style design. He followed this with a book of designs of small and medium sized houses, Cottage Residences, published in 1842. More books followed, both his own and reworked editions of foreign books, all on the subjects of plants and domestic architecture. His books were extremely popular and influenced house and garden design throughout the United States. Beginning in 1846 he published a monthly magazine, in which he expressed his opinion on agricultural issues and design. Downing was also an advocate for public parks, particularly in the new suburbs. He felt that they would encourage healthful recreation and provide a place for community activities. Downing died at 36 in a fire caused by an explosion on a steamboat on which he was traveling. Bibliography David Schuyler. "Downing, Andrew Jackson." In American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press, 2000. First Name for nav purposes Andrew Last Name for nav purposes Downing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Downing Description An account of the resource In 1850, President Millard Fillmore commissioned landscape architect, Andrew Jackson Downing to landscape the Mall. <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/356">His design divided the Mall into four smaller parks</a>, each with a unique appearance, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/261">connected by curving walks</a>. Downing was an advocate for urban parks and hoped his design would inspire other cities to create large parks. He died suddenly at age 36 in a steamboat accident before the Mall's new landscape design was finished. A<a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/11"> memorial urn</a> in the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/431">gardens</a> outside of the Smithsonian Castle honors his contributions to the Mall's design history. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Image from the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1830-1859 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrew Jackson Downing design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/c277b2ffc4c916931511418c37cb6a57.png 39be488264d4625ca843b54e6c587c0c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 343 Height 305 Bit Depth 8 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 08/02/1754 Birthplace Paris, France Death Date 06/14/1825 Biographical Text Pierre Charles L'Enfant was born in Paris, France and studied at the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. He arrived in America in April 1777 as part of a unit of French engineers who came to aid the Continental forces during the American Revolution. After recovering from wounds received at the Siege of Savannah in 1779, he joined General George Washington's staff as a captain. He was with Washington during the winter at Valley Forge. His architectural career included both temporary and permanent buildings, but not all of his designs were executed. He redesigned New York's City Hall as the location for the US Congress, and George Washington took the presidential oath in that building in April 1789. Plans he created in 1794 to rebuild Fort Mifflin on the Delaware River were too complex and the job was given to another French engineer, Stephen Rochfontaine. L'Enfant died in poverty in Prince George's County, Maryland in 1825. In recognition of his service to the nation, he was reburied in Arlington National Cemetery in 1909. First Name for nav purposes Pierre Charles Last Name for nav purposes L'Enfant Occupation Architect Engineer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pierre Charles L'Enfant Description An account of the resource L'Enfant was an architect and civil engineer chosen by <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/152">President George Washington</a> in 1791 to survey and design the new federal city of Washington. L'Enfant designed streets in a grid pattern, and he placed major government buildings and parks in the plan. He also designed a "grand avenue" stretching west from the Capitol to the Potomac River, which we now call the National Mall. Disagreements with the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/308">city's commissioners</a> led to <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/299">L'Enfant's dismissal</a> in February 1792. Never fully implemented, his vision for the city continues to influence planners and designers today. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002722830/">View original image.</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pre-1800s Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pierre Charles L'Enfant design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/33af9fbc0e7963961573c86a5331111e.jpg f46ba388d3962493b479d9800606553b Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 590 Height 800 Bit Depth 8 Channels 1 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 07/28/1879 Birthplace Brooklyn, New York Death Date 12/22/1966 Biographical Text Lucy Burns was an activist who campaigned for a constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote. She was born in Brooklyn, NY, one of eight children. In 1902 she earned a BA from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, NY, and continued her studies with sojourns at Yale and Columbia before taking a position as an English teacher at Erasmus Hall High School. After two years, she went to Europe to study at the University of Berlin, then enrolled for a summer at Oxford University in England. It was in Oxford that Burns encountered the Women’s Social and Political Union led by Emmeline Pankhurst, which was fighting for woman suffrage using militant tactics. She joined the British suffrage movement, learning their tactics. While there, she met fellow American suffragist <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/79">Alice Paul</a>. In 1912, Burns returned to the United States, joining Alice Paul to form the Congressional Union of National American Woman Suffrage Association, which later became to the National Woman’s Party. Their organization was more aggressive than other suffrage organizations in the United States. They organized the 1913 Woman Suffrage Parade down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, which was held the day before Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration to draw attention to their cause. Burns and Paul lobbied Congress and led some of the first pickets in front of the White House. They were arrested for picketing; in fact, Burns was the most-jailed woman suffragist. While in prison at Occoquan, Virginia, Burns and others went on a hunger strike and prison officials force-fed them. Following her release, Burns organized the “Prison Special,” a national speaking tour of suffragists who had been imprisoned. By time the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote was ratified, Burns was exhausted from years of vigorous action. She retired to Brooklyn, where she helped to raise an orphaned niece and was active in the Catholic Church. She died there in 1966. First Name for nav purposes Lucy Last Name for nav purposes Burns Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lucy Burns Description An account of the resource As a women's rights activist in the early 1900s, Burns organized political marches and rallies to pressure male lawmakers into passing a Constitutional amendment allowing women to vote. In 1913, she helped organize a <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/155">suffrage march</a> on Pennsylvania Avenue the day before Woodrow Wilson's inauguration. Burns and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/79">Alice Paul</a> formed the National Women's Party in 1917 and continued to fight for women's right to vote. Burns was arrested with other members of the Party after picketing the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/66">White House</a> in 1917. While in prison, she went on a hunger strike with Alice Paul to show their commitment to their cause. They won the fight in 1920 with the passage of the 19th Amendment. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1890-1919 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000011/">View original photograph</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucy Burns civil rights politics & protest https://mallhistory.org/files/original/9fd2af47e13f8fb5bd0b9db2c11ad3ba.jpg 653d5a63c2f543f3531e407fa7d8f39c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 677 Height 800 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles Wilson Peale Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White House Art Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_latrobe_by_peale.jpg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1804 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 05/01/1764 Birthplace Leeds, England Death Date 09/03/1820 Occupation Architect Engineer Biographical Text Born in England, Latrobe studied in Germany and returned to England to apprentice as a civil engineer. He immigrated to the United States in November 1795 and found work as an architect and engineer in Virginia and Pennsylvania. Latrobe befriended Thomas Jefferson, who appointed him Surveyor of Public Buildings in 1803. He oversaw a number of public works projects, including the Washington canal and structures at the Washington Navy Yard. During this period he also oversaw the implementation of William Thorton's original plans for the US Capitol. His main achievement was designing the south wing of the US Capitol. During James Madison's administration (1809-1817), Latrobe worked extensively with Mrs. Madison on the interior design of the White House. After the burning of the US Capitol in 1814, he named Architect of the Capitol and was charged with supervising its rebuilding. In 1817, he resigned that post and moved to Baltimore. Latrobe died from yellow fever in 1820 while working in New Orleans on a major waterworks project. First Name for nav purposes Benjamin Last Name for nav purposes Latrobe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Benjamin Henry Latrobe Description An account of the resource Benjamin H. Latrobe was an architect hired by <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/301">President Thomas Jefferson</a> to serve as the Surveyor of Public Buildings in 1803. He spent nearly 14 years in Washington supervising the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/266">construction</a> and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/454">design</a> of public buildings. His largest project was constructing the Capitol's south wing. After the War of 1812, Latrobe oversaw the rebuilding and redesign of the Capitol, which the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/157">British army destroyed in 1814</a>. Hence, Latrobe is known as the second Architect of the Capitol. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White House Art Collection. <a href="http://www.whitehouseresearch.org/assetbank-whha/action/viewAsset?id=74&index=0&total=300&view=viewSearchItem">View original image</a>. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-1829 Subject The topic of the resource Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Henry Latrobe design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/2a77340ed8805e8c01a21b299e552939.jpg 9e525492d798447018fae9151682df77 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 643 Height 800 Bit Depth 8 Channels 1 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 01/11/1885 Birthplace New Jersey Death Date 07/09/1977 Biographical Text Alice Paul was born in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. Her parents were Quaker, and she was raised in that tradition. She received a BA from Swarthmore in 1905, and a MA in Sociology and PhD in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania. Although she attended a suffrage meeting with her mother while a young woman, it was not until she went to the United Kingdom in 1907 that she became fully involved in the cause. She was inspired by the more militant tactics of British suffragettes, which included chaining themselves to fences, smashing windows, and conducting hunger strikes. When she returned to the United States, she joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and was appointed Chairwoman of their Washington, DC, Congressional Committee. One of her first acts in this position was to organize the highly successful 1913 Woman Suffrage Parade. With a group of like-minded women, including <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/81">Lucy Burns</a>, Paul campaigned for a constitutional amendment to guarantee women’s suffrage rights. This group eventually split from NAWSA to form the National Woman’s Party, which used British-style tactics. Following the passage of the nineteenth amendment, Paul continued to fight for equal rights for women. She received a law degree from Washington College of Law at American University in 1922, as well as a Doctorate in Civil Laws in 1927. She drafted an early version of the Equal Rights Amendment, proposing it in 1923. For the rest of her life, Paul pushed for the ratification of that amendment. Although an ardent supporter of equal rights for women, Paul was not always an ally to other minorities. She was willing to to exclude African Americans from her campaigns in order to gain the support of white men and women for her goals. First Name for nav purposes Alice Last Name for nav purposes Paul Occupation Activist Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alice Paul Description An account of the resource Activist and leader of the National Woman's Party, Alice Paul organized the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/155">Woman Suffrage Parade</a> on Pennsylvania Avenue the day before Woodrow Wilson's inauguration in March, 1913. Four years later, Paul led a demonstration in front of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/66">White House</a>, again demanding women’s right to vote. Protesters were arrested for obstructing traffic and jailed. While in prison, Paul began a hunger strike drawing more attention to her cause. Responding to political pressure, President Woodrow Wilson called on Congress and the states to amend the Constitution and allow women the right to vote. The 19th amendment was ratified in 1920. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1890-1919 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/97500088/">View original photograph</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alice Paul https://mallhistory.org/files/original/d2f3f7d6ddea556e2bbef83703046daf.jpg 0c763adca246e8bcd6be3c21516ad54c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 548 Height 720 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 07/24/1870 Birthplace Staten Island, New York Occupation Landscape Designer Biographical Text The son of famous landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Mary Cleveland Perkins Olmsted, Frederick Jr. learned the family business of landscape design at an early age, traveling with his father to Europe and across the United States on business trips even while a schoolchild. He graduated from Harvard in 1894 and the next year became a partner in the family firm. The last project on which he worked with his father was the design of the landscape at George Vanderbilt’s Biltmore Estate near Asheville, North Carolina. By 1898, his father had retired and he became full partner with his half-brother John Charles Olmsted. In addition to a ongoing work with the landscape design of Washington, DC, Olmsted served as landscape architect for the Boston Metropolitan Park System from 1898 to 1920. He sought to use parks as a way to reform society. He felt that the open spaces of parks helped preserve nature, enhanced the beauty of cities, and improved individuals' lives. An advocate for the conservation and preservation of land, Olmsted helped with the wording of the bill which established the National Park Service in 1916. First Name for nav purposes Frederick Last Name for nav purposes Olmsted Jr. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. Description An account of the resource Olmsted Jr. was a landscape architect <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/179">appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt</a> to serve on the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/206">Senate Park Commission</a> in 1901. The Commission was charged with improving the Mall's design and restoring elements of <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/82">Pierre Charles L'Enfant's</a> original plan. Olmsted Jr. established himself after apprenticing with his father, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/85">Frederick Law Olmsted</a>, the landscape architect famous for building New York's Central Park. While working for the Commission, Olmsted Jr. was responsible for designing the landscape and parks system for the Mall. Throughout his life, he remained committed to national and civic parks across the US. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Association for Olmsted Parks. <a href="http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/frederick-law-olmsted-jr">View original image</a>. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1890-1919 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/6d1ee451a916850b41a6292b9ad783ad.png 93894860fdb3880b11d11ffa4a0f79ae Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 412 Height 424 Bit Depth 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maryland Historical Society People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Birth Date 11/09/1731 Birthplace Baltimore County, Maryland Death Date 10/09/1806 Occupation Surveyor Mathematician Biographical Text Benjamin Banneker was a free black resident of Maryland. His father was a freed slave and his mother had been born free. He lived most of his life in a cabin his father built on the farm which he eventually inherited from his parents. He learned to read and write from his mother and grandmother, and may have attended a local one-room schoolhouse run by Quakers in the winter. Banneker also studied on his own, making a functioning clock out of wood when he was in his early twenties. By 1780, Banneker lived alone on the farm: his parents had died and all three of his sisters had married and moved away. In 1771, George Ellicott, wealthy white man with an interest in the sciences, moved to the area. Ellicott shared his interest in astronomy with his neighbors, including Banneker. Because Banneker was so interested, Ellicott lent him a telescope and some books. Banneker taught himself how to make the calculations necessary to create an almanac. Banneker’s first almanac was published in Baltimore in 1792. He published five more almanacs, one for each year until 1797. These were sold in Great Britain as well as the United States. His publications and scientific achievements were touted by anti-slavery activists as proof of the injustice of racial slavery. Banneker himself wrote to Thomas Jefferson, at the time Secretary of State, to argue for national abolition of slavery. During this period, Banneker worked as a surveyor, assisting <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/105">Andrew Ellicott,</a> George Ellicott's cousin, with the first survey of the what would become the District of Columbia in 1791. Banneker died in his sleep a month short of his seventy-fifth birthday. Sadly, a fire in his house shortly after his death destroyed most of his papers. Although he was a talented mathematician and scientist, his opportunity for advancement was extremely limited because of racial prejudice. First Name for nav purposes Benjamin Last Name for nav purposes Banneker Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Benjamin Banneker Description An account of the resource Banneker was a free African American surveyor, mathematician, and almanac author from Maryland. In 1791, he assisted <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/105">Andrew Ellicott </a>with a survey of the boundaries of the District of Columbia. Among his duties on the survey, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/514">Banneker</a> operated the astronomical equipment which helped the surveyors determine their exact location. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pre-1800s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maryland Historical Society. <a href="http://www.mdhs.org/digitalimage/cover-benjamin-bannakers-sic-pennsylvania-delaware-maryland-and-virginia-almanac-year-1">View original</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Banneker