Henry family at east door of Castle
<a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/349">Joseph Henry</a>, the first secretary of the Smithsonian, and his family lived in the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/52">Smithsonian Institution Building</a>, also called the Castle, from <span>1855 to 1878. This photograph, taken in 1862, shows Mr. Henry along with the whole family: Harriet Alexander Henry, his wife, and daughters Caroline, Mary, and Helen. The fourth woman may be a relative or family friend. </span>
Smithsonian Institution Archives. <a href="http://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!5596~!0#focus">View original</a>.
1862
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
Hapgood's design for the Washington Monument
In 1877 Congress appropriated funds so that the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/281">building of the Washington Monument could continue</a>. Budget problems had halted construction in 1854. But after sitting untouched for more than 20 years many worried that a new design was needed for the monument. Congress quietly accepted new proposals. One such design was this Gothic tower by Boston architectural student H.P. Hapgood. Ultimately no new designs were accepted and instead the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/36">Washington Monument</a> was completed using only the central obelisk portion of <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/280">Mills' original design</a>.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=H.P.+Hapgood">H.P. Hapgood</a>
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011648065/">View original.</a>
1889
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
Flood of 1889
On June 2, 1889, heavy rains caused massive flooding in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and overwhelmed the South Fork Dam. The storm also hit the Washington, DC, area. As a result, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/259">the Potomac River flooded and areas around Pennsylvania Avenue were under several feet of water</a>. The flooding was made worse by sewers that became clogged with dirt from unpaved roads and began overflowing, causing the water to rise. The only access between the east and west of the city was by boat.
Johnson, Willis Fletcher. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=60wOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+the+Johnstown+Flood&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LMt3UpiqDpSusASy8oGwBA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20the%20Johnstown%20Flood&f=true"><em>History of the Johnstown Flood: With Full Accounts Also of the Destruction of the Susquehanna and Juniata Rivers, and the Bald Eagle Creek.</em></a> J. W. Keeler & co., 1889, 379.
06/02/1889
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
View down Pennsylvania Avenue
This view down Pennsylvania Avenue NW from the corner of 6th Street shows part of Washington near the Mall around 1860. On the corner in the foreground, where the Newseum is today, stood the National Hotel, one of the most prominent hotels in the city. It also housed a telegraph office, advertising "<a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/176">Morse's Great Northern & Southern United Lines</a>" with direct communication to to New York and New Orleans. Businesses line the north (left) side of the street, and to the south was one block of commercial and residential buildings which stood where the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/427">National Gallery of Art</a> is today.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=A.+Meyer">A. Meyer</a>
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004662333/">View original</a>.
1860
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
Original Department of Agriculture Building
The original building which housed the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/289">Department of Agriculture</a> was designed in 1867 by <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/70">Adolf Cluss</a>, the same architect who designed the Smithsonian Arts and Industry Building. For decades, this building housed offices, research laboratories, and even a small museum. <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/466">The building was razed in 1930 to fulfill the McMillan Commission's plan for the National Mall</a>.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Adolf+Cluss">Adolf Cluss</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=J.+W.+von+Kammerhueber">J. W. von Kammerhueber</a>
National Archives at College Park. <a href="http://research.archives.gov/description/512817">View original</a>.
1868 (construction completed)
1930 (demolished)
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
Organization of American States Building
The Organization of American States (OAS) Building was completed in 1910. Its style is meant to be a fusion of some of the major architectural elements from its participating members, with Spanish, Native American, French, Portuguese, and English influences. The OAS was founded in 1889. Proposed by the US and first meeting in Washington, DC, the Organization was established as “an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence." (Article I, Charter of OAS). Today, the OAS has 35 member nations from across North and South America.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Paul+Cret+and+Albert+Kelsey">Paul Cret and Albert Kelsey</a>
University of Pennsylvania Collections, Paul Philippe Cret Collection. <a href="http://www.design.upenn.edu/archives/majorcollections/cret/ppc-panam.html">View original</a>.
1910
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1890-1919">1890-1919</a>
Charles Guiteau
Charles Guiteau shot <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/111">President Garfield </a>on July 2, 1881 at the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/42">Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station</a> on the National Mall. <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/347">Guiteau shot Garfield</a> because he had been denied a political appointment that he believed he deserved. Garfield eventually died from complications from the gunshot wound. Guiteau was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to death by hanging on June 30, 1882 at the District of Columbia jail.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Charles+Guiteau">Charles Guiteau</a>
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/92508892/">View original image</a>.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
Survey Lodge
Located on the grounds of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/36">Washington Monument</a>, the Survey Lodge was originally a boiler and steam house for the machinery necessary to power the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/502">Washington Monument's elevator</a>. It was constructed of leftover marble and granite from the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/281">construction of the Washington Monument</a>. Today, the site is a National Park Service Ranger Station.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=William+Bradley">William Bradley</a>
1886
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
Memorial Lodge
Memorial Lodge is a small, flat-roofed, one-story building less than 500 feet east of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/36">Washington Monument</a>. It serves as an information station where tickets can be retrieved to visit the top of the Washington Monument. Originally constructed in 1888, the building has seen three redesigns and expansions in 1931, 1942, and 1963.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Poindexter+and+Company">Poindexter and Company</a>
1888 (built)
1931 (remodeled)
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1920-1949">1920-1949</a>
Women Workers Leaving the Treasury Department
During the Civil War, the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/337">Department of the Treasury</a> hired women workers to fill clerical positions vacated by men who had left to fight with the Union Army. Until that time, clerking was strictly a male occupation. Believing women were particularly well-suited for repetitive, routine tasks, the Secretary of the Treasury assigned them to hand-cut paper money, usually printed in amounts of four bills per sheet. A Union officer observed that it was difficult to live on their salary of $600 a year because room and board cost about $50 per month.
<em>Harpers Weekly</em>, February 18, 1865.
1865
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1860-1889">1860-1889</a>