1 10 139 https://mallhistory.org/files/original/85fb539f6d75dd3124d9c72fe82d5dac.jpg 6ee8706833b5b39f82b2d8b9b663fa8c https://mallhistory.org/files/original/f37f4fff5e89b7c5a99f546cda2abef8.jpg 7ff42e6cf5ba5c078174238cd0646040 https://mallhistory.org/files/original/5ab8575731880c8378891b3c93011225.jpg e03355cf6c344b9166716e3f367c79f1 https://mallhistory.org/files/original/bce0561ddd743f053f927c8e41b7bb45.jpg 0d1a67a1cdc594c8a346e90111982bee Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. Ennead Architects' design is meant to be unobtrusive to the current aesthetic of the Mall. The construction would have incorporate a sloped path leading to a two-story underground facility, making the center invisible from some perspectives. The design was intended to duplicate the long, angular composition of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall. Inside the center, visitors would have explored four main exhibits; a portrait gallery that containing a portrait of each service member listed on the Vietnam War Memorial, as well as those who have served since this conflict; an exhibit of the items and memorials left at the Wall since 1982; a historical timeline of the Vietnam War; and an exhibit on the history of military and civil service, from the Revolutionary War to present day. Type The nature or genre of the resource Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vietnam Memorial Education Center Description An account of the resource <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/69">Jan Scruggs</a>, President and Founder of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, proposed in 2000 to build an education center focusing on veterans' service in the wars following Vietnam. The planned center would have been located across the street from the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/63">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a>. It will display some objects that visitors have left at the Wall since 1982. Congress approved of the center in 2003, but the project did not break ground until 2012. In 2018, the VVMF announced their decision to cancel the building project, focusing instead on digital resources and online exhibits. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <a href="http://www.vvmf.org/education-center">Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund</a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2000-present Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Images created by Ralph Appelbaum Associates, via <a href="vvmf.org">Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund</a> https://mallhistory.org/files/original/a6ea35a3c71cbad137e6fcdba10afd76.jpg 13cbac2ff0095f74dd6d52feebeefbf0 https://mallhistory.org/files/original/4d246bf86c1b5ef65af8ed1609ca4447.jpg 8b85566dc859121bf0b5ebb9aab694f6 Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Statues and Sculpture Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The statue is a female figure wearing a military style helmet decorated with an eagle’s head, stars, and a feathered crest. She holds a sheathed sword in her right hand, while in her left she has a laurel wreath and a shield with thirteen stripes. The statue itself is 19.5 feet (6 meters) tall. The figure stands on a globe bearing the motto “E Pluribus Unum.” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Statue of Freedom Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/dc1054.photos.361166p/">View original</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12/2/1863 (installed) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1860-1889 Description An account of the resource <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/535">In 1855, Congress commissioned Thomas Crawford to build a statue to top the cast-iron Capitol dome.</a> Two years later, Crawford created the plaster model in Rome and sent it to the US for casting. The bronze was cast at a foundry in Washington DC under the supervision of Philip Reid, an enslaved man. Casting was briefly interrupted by the beginning of the Civil War, but was completed by 1862. The statue stood on the Capitol grounds <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/256">until the dome was completed</a>. The statue was installed in stages, with the final pieces added in December 1863. Today, the Capitol Visitor Center displays the plaster model of the statue. design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/84afd9789c6e3d98a6883c74abef8266.jpg 77f7fe683e56406a440e5f4f6c39b014 Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Statues and Sculpture Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. Including the base and sculpture, the piece is 34-feet high. The stainless steel shape is 16-feet wide. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Infinity Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jose de Rivera Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Institutional History Division, Smithsonian Institution Archives. <a href="http://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!9357~!0#focus">View original</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/28/1967 (dedicated) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950-1979 Description An account of the resource Louisiana-born sculptor, Jose de Rivera designed and built the abstract sculpture "Infinity" that currently welcomes visitors to the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/48">Smithsonian National Museum of American History</a>. The sculpture slowly rotates on its base, completing 1 revolution every 6 minutes. In 1965, the federal Art-in-Architecture program commissioned this statue by reserving half of 1 % of the estimated total construction costs of the new National Museum of History and Technology. Museum architect, Walker Cain, recommended Rivera's proposal for a new art work to accompany the new museum. After two years of design and construction, the sculpture was dedicated in the spring of 1967. https://mallhistory.org/files/original/c51455f00a0346cec5f47037889fa80b.jpg 6d076e0227f67249185c26b20e754e63 https://mallhistory.org/files/original/a82ecf30ae1e6aa497539d4cfec1fa84.jpg 9535d915f4597b2baee3cdf209da9a00 Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Location The location of the interview. The west side of the National Museum of American History. Type The nature or genre of the resource Statues and Sculpture Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The sculpture is 40 feet tall and weighs 35 tons. It contains 71 pieces connected by 1,200 bolts all faceing the same direction. Calder instructed that the sculpture be painted with a matte black, lead-based paint. In 2013, conservators repainted the piece with high-tech paint specifically designed for outdoor sculptures. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gwenfritz Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexander Calder Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Institutional History Division, Smithsonian Institution Archives. <a href="http://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=14F605S0U9301.1295&profile=sicall&source=~!sichronology&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!9319~!1&ri=3&aspect=power&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=calder&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=power&menu=search&ri=3">View original</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/1969 (dedicated) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950-1979 2000-present Description An account of the resource Sculptor Alexander Calder designed "Gwenfritz" in 1965 after Washington philanthropist Gwendolyn Cafritz commissioned him to create a piece for the new Museum of History and Technology. Calder built the 40-foot tall metal stabile in France and shipped it to Washington in 6 crates. Smithsonian staff installed the work in 1969 on a reflecting pool facing 14th Street. In 1984, the Museum moved the sculpture and filled in the pool. In 2013, the Smithsonian began conserving "Gwenfritz," and in October 2014 returned it to the original location. During the restoration, staff repainted the sculpture and replaced all 1,200 bolts connecting its panels. arts & culture design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/4e0a4e82b10dba5e31d7ddc46f43be6b.png 61035e2cff0aac82b068bbdc3e0c045c Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Native American Veterans’ Memorial Description An account of the resource Since the 1770s, American indigenous people have always served in the US military at a higher rate than other groups. In 1994, a bipartisan congressional effort passed the Native American Veterans’ Memorial Establishment Act to authorize the creation of a memorial to all American Indian, Alaska native, and native Hawaiian veterans. The memorial was to be placed inside the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/49">Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian</a>. In 2013, Congress gave the Museum authority to select the final location of the Memorial and to assist with fundraising since no federal funds would pay for its construction. Some advocates wish the Memorial could be on the Mall near other memorials honoring American war veterans. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Congress.gov. <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/2135/text">View original</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/5/1994 (authorized) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 2000-present design & monuments https://mallhistory.org/files/original/cc4653b27de8151bb69fee486d5557c5.png 1cf1da1d12863969bab2d0e8dfbe50ff https://mallhistory.org/files/original/53b72d7690835ba1acb3b14e27a3dccf.png cd420ac1165555ff47686df1e8271f4a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The first design, proposed by Brazilian-born landscape architect Eduardo Catalano, looked like an olive branch from above. The leaves of the olive branch were a series of smaller gardens, connected by a path which formed the stem. There was also an amphitheatre and a glass pavillion. The second design, by Royston Hanamoto Alley & Abey (RHAA), drew on the themes of the Senate Park Commission’s 1902 plan for the National Mall. It included a water feature aligned with the Washington Monument and bells to be rung either by visitors or the wind. Type The nature or genre of the resource Gardens and Landscapes Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Peace Garden Description An account of the resource In 1985, Elizabeth Ratcliff, a former English teacher from California, proposed a national monument to peace. The monument was approved by Congress within two years and Hains Point was selected as the site. The Peace Garden Project Committee, led by Garret Eckbo, held a design competition in 1989 and selected Eduardo Catalano’s olive branch plan. Catalano's plan was approved by two planning Committees but rejected by the US Fine Arts Commission in 1992. The design firm Royston Hanamoto Alley & Abey was then hired and a year later their design received full approval. Funding for the monument was not secured by 2003, and the Garden was never built. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987 (approved) 2003 (authorization expired) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Environmental Design Archives. <a href="https://instagram.com/edarchives/">View images.</a><a href="http://exhibits.ced.berkeley.edu/items/show/1518"> </a> https://mallhistory.org/files/original/9a4e13088309505be6faa808cc627894.png 0fdcd20fc53b313371011484865db4a8 Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Liberty Memorial Description An account of the resource After authorization expired for the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/513">Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial</a>, Maurice Barboza and Lena Santos Ferguson restarted their campaign to honor African-American service during the Revolutionary War. Congress authorized the National Liberty Memorial in 2013 that will be located at the corner of 14th Street and Independence Avenue near the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/43">Department of Agriculture</a>. The Memorial will commemorate African American soldiers, sailors, and civilian volunteers, and also honor enslaved people who escaped or petitioned for their freedom during the war. By 2020, organizers must raise money to design and build the monument. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2000-present Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1/2/2013 (authorized) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.davidsnewtonsculptor.com/-gallery.html">David Newton</a>. https://mallhistory.org/files/original/b852e07a1ff126bd2192d61f44ae5a98.jpg ee772d5b5d26eb3c1d3092b0a55c079a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The design of the memorial depicts Banneker looking through a telescope and holding a book. There is also a large clock tower, based on one Banneker designed. Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Benjamin Banneker Memorial Description An account of the resource In 1996, the Washington Interdependence Council began planning a memorial to <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/77">Benjamin Banneker</a>, an African American scientist and surveyor who helped map the boundaries of the District of Columbia. Congress authorized the plan, and the Council was responsible for raising money for construction. The initial authorization expired in 2005, but the project was renewed in 2010 through new legislative efforts. The memorial is expected to part of a large-scale renovation near L’Enfant Plaza and Banneker Park. The proposed project includes a 14-foot statue, visitors' center, and a large clock tower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/18/1998 (first authorization) 9/29/2010 (second authorization) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 2000-present Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Image courtesy Bobbie K. Carlyle and the Washington Interdependence Council. https://mallhistory.org/files/original/f5eec9c7365b0f39820e50dbf353ce55.png 99a959dd961e0495a7969a838ddf619a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial Description An account of the resource In 1986, Maurice Barboza and Lena Santos Ferguson won Congressional authorization to honor African Americans who fought in the Revolutionary War with a monument on the Mall. Congress authorized the memorial, but followed precedent by not allocating any funds. Barboza and Ferguson raised enough money to fund a design by Edward Dwight that represented African American men, women, and children emerging from a granite vortex led by black soldiers. Barboza and Ferguson were unable to raise enough money before the authorization expired. The memorial was never built, but they revised their plan in 2005 and proposed the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/admin/items/edit/516">National Liberty Memorial.</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 25, 1988 (authorized) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Park Service, Ethnography Program. <a href="http://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histcontextsf.htm">View Original.</a> https://mallhistory.org/files/original/a35f94d54a7489648a9aca5d663e8bac.jpg ef044e831746211e59cb2c332ec1274a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Monuments Unbuilt Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The monument would have featured a statue depicting an elderly African American woman cradling a white infant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faithful Slave Mammies of the South Memorial Description An account of the resource In 1922, Congress received a proposal from the Washington, DC, chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy to create the "Faithful Slave Mammies of the South" memorial recognizing the supposed loyalty of enslaved women to their owners during the Civil War. African American newspapers, including the Chicago Defender condemned the proposal as an insult at a time when Congress was unwilling to pass laws protecting African Americans from lynching. The Senate approved the proposal in 1923, but pressure from citizens and the press prevented passage of the bill in the House, and the memorial was never built. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1922 (proposed) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1920-1949 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Archives and Records Administration. <a href="http://blogs.archives.gov/blackhistoryblog/2013/04/04/celebrating-the-faithful-mammies-of-the-south/">View source.</a> design & monuments