3
10
100
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/23dd7de0cc394a408f06565a75133a34.jpg
0125ced8441e15130a87403372e55a93
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
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<p class="p1">By a late act of Congress a portion of the public grounds, not exceeding five acres, was granted for the use of the Columbian Institute, to be located under the direction of the President of the United States. On this grant I am informed that the Institute contemplate the establishment of a <em>Botanic Garden</em>, and, when their funds will authorize the important undertaking, the erection of a building for a National Museum and Library. At this establishment visitors, whether excited by curiosity or the desire of instruction, will be enabled to examine the various mineral and vegetable productions of this and other countries; and, in short, every thing connected with natural history, botany, and the arts. An opportunity is now offered for the display of that liberality for which the citizens of this District are so eminently conspicuous; and, as this laudable undertaking has for its object important national benefits, it is presumable that the patriotic citizens of our common country will likewise co-operate with the members of the Institute in completing their design. </p>
<p class="p1">By the act of incorporation, passed the 20th of April 1818, donations and bequests may be received, and applied to the use of the Institute. A small portion of the liberality of my fellow-citizens, properly applied, would enable the Institute not only to embellish the Metropolis, but to promote one of the great objects of the association - that of "<em>collecting, cultivating, and distributing</em> the various vegetable productions of this and other countries, whether ornamental, medicinal, or esculent, or for the promotion of the arts and manufactures."*</p>
<p class="p1">The Botanic Garden will likewise afford a delightful retreat, where citizens and visitors may inhale the fragrant breeze, and contemplate the beauties of the creation.</p>
<p class="p1">Great additions have been made to botany by the instruct of the moderns, and the discovery of islands and continents. Most of the delicious fruits and fragrant flowers, with the various shrubs and trees, which adorn the European gardens, are from foreign climates. </p>
<p class="p1">Public botanic gardens were first planted in Italy, in the 16th century. To Sir Hans Sloane the British nation are indebted for the establishment of a magnificent museum of natural history, and for a valuable legacy to the botanic garden, which was first planted in the suburbs of London, in 1673, and the <em>first</em> in the island of Great Britain. </p>
<p class="p1">Public collections and museums, systematically arranged, are the proper schools to study natural history, and to make lasting impressions on the memory. In these may be seen animals the most gigantic and minute, from the mammoth to the diminutive insects which almost eludes microscopic vision. In these also we may behold the variegated plumage of the feathered tribe, collected from various climes, and preserved in perfection. </p>
<p class="p1">Centuries have passed away since establishments were first formed for the promotion of the arts and sciences. Among the most celebrated were the Royal Society of London, established by charter , in the year 1663, by Charles 2d, and L'Academie Royale de Sciences of France in 1666. Each was supported by voluntary contributions. In 1670, the Academia Naturae Curiosoram was instituted in Germany. In 1699, under Louis 14th, the patron of arts and sciences, the French Academy was new modelled and improved, and machines was defrayed from the public treasury. In 1711, a Royal Literary Academy was instituted at Berlin, under the direction of Leibnitz; and in 1725, a Literary Academy was established by Peter the Great, at Petersburgh, who alotted a magnificent house and liberal pensions to the Academicians. In 1739 and 1746, the monarchs of Sweden and Denmark each incorporated Literary Societies; and of a more modern date have been established at the French National Institute and the Royal Institution of London; last, though not least in my estimation, are the various literary establishments of our own country, which claim the pen of an able eulogist. </p>
<p class="p1">In these great public establishments the sciences of natural philosophy, including mechanics, pneumatics, hydraulics, hydrostatics, and astronomy; of mathematics, of anatomy, and physiology, chemistry, botany, natural history, obstetric, surgery, and the practice of medicine, have received an immense supply of new experimental facts and observations; and by the application of science, agriculture and manufactures have been benefitted.</p>
<p class="p1">Though the Columbian Institute cannot boast of wealth, or the patronage of the government, except in the <em>use</em> of five acres of land; yet I trust it is not destined to a premature decay; on the contrary, I hope that its name will never be erased from the list of American institutions. It may at present, like most of the establishments of our country, whilst in their infantile state, receive "light and science from the East;" but the day, I hope, is not far distant, when it will reflect them in a compound ratio.</p>
<p class="p1">It is true, that the energies of its members have been paralized for the want of funds to carry their design into full effect. <em>Nil desperae dum</em> should be their motto. Industry and perseverance will yet overcome difficulties, and establish the character of the association. </p>
<p class="p1">The President of the United States, ever desirous of promoting and fostering those establishments of our country which have a tendency to increase the prosperity and happiness of the people, has been pleased to assign a portion of the "Mall," near the Capitol, for the use of the Institute, where the progress of the Botanic Garden, Museum, &c. may be witnessed, and I indulge the pleasing hope that the establishment will flourish, and attract the attention of the scientific members of the National Legislature.</p>
<p class="p1">A Friend to the Institute.</p>
<p class="p1">*Should any patron of science feel disposed to aid the Institute by a bequest, its legal title is "The Columbian Institute for the promotion of Arts and Sciences"</p>
<p class="p1">P.S. "The corporation are authorized and empowered to take and receive any sum or sums of money, or any goods, chattels, or effects, of any kind or nature whatsoever, which shall or may hereafter be given, granted, or bequeathed, unto the said corporation, by any person, or persons, bodies politic or corporate, capable of making such gift or bequest." - <em>Act of Congress.</em></p>
Original Format
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newspaper article
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Columbian Institute
Description
An account of the resource
<p class="p1">The <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/406">Columbian Institute</a> was a Washington organization dedicated to the promotion of the arts and sciences for the benefit of the nation. In 1820, two years after their official charter was approved by Congress, the Institute was granted five acres of land on the Mall to create a botanic garden, just west of the Capitol grounds. The plans to follow the garden with a museum and library, described in this article, were never realized. The botanic garden was abandoned by the late 1830s as the organization slowly dissolved.</p>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<em>Daily National Intelligencer</em> (Washington, DC).
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/1/1820
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1800-1829
design & monuments
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/ff6a07396fa403e37379f51d3f9e4f4f.jpg
0e9247f60f1f99479e3b9e07c56e7cd0
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The national capital, Washington, D.C. Sketched from nature by Adolph Sachse, 1883-1884.
Creator
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Adolph Sachse
Identifier
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G3851.A3 1884 .S3
Still Image
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Map
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Title
A name given to the resource
The national capital, Washington, DC
Description
An account of the resource
This detail of the bird's eye view of the city, "The national capital, Washington, D.C. Sketched from nature by Adolph Sachse, 1883-1884" shows the National Mall before the Army Corps of Engineers began to dredge the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/424">Potomac River</a> to fill in the tidal wetlands. The project was intended to enlarge the shipping channel and to help prevent flooding and sewage accumulation. The <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/326">Reclamation of Potomac Flats</a> began in 1882 and continued to 1890. Landfill extended the length and width of the Mall, forming East Potomac Park and extending the Mall beyond the site of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/36">Washington Monument</a>. When the project ended, Washington, DC, had 638 acres of new land.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Adolph Sachse
Rights
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<span>Library of Congress Geography and Map Division</span>. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/item/75693178">View original</a>.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1860-1889
building the mall
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/ea94c2637611785b94f5d3ee230cac19.jpg
bd24ffdf6512f7407c48d81d68caecd8
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Original Format
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Photograph
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Department of Agriculture Fields
Description
An account of the resource
In 1863, the Commissioner of Public Buildings offered the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/289">Department of Agriculture</a> the land between 12th and 14th streets and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/311">North</a> and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/312">South B Streets</a> (today's Constitution and Independence Avenues) for use as an experimental garden for agricultural purposes. The land assigned to the Department was part of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/237">Washington Monument cattle yards</a> created to supply food to Union troops during the Civil War. After the Civil War in 1865, the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/324">Department grew test crops on the undeveloped spaces of the mall for over a decade</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Titian Ramsey Peale
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
William Henry Seward Papers, University of Rochester Library, via Smithsonian Institution. <a href="http://civilwar.si.edu/l_smithsonian_castle3.html">View original</a>.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1863
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1860-1889
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/8f9ba54832b5650e7a6c41897e07942b.jpg
ab9f5c70b9be5ca27ee2d7904adf5adc
Still Image
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Original Format
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Photographic print
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Title
A name given to the resource
View from the roof of the Smithsonian
Description
An account of the resource
This photograph was taken from the roof of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/52">Smithsonian Castle</a> around 1886. The small building on the left between the Smithsonian and the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/36">Washington Monumen</a>t is the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/466">old Department of Agriculture Building</a>, with its <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/324">formal garden</a> to the right spreading out across the Mall.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
William Henry Jackson
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Smithsonian Institution Archives. <a href="http://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!11647~!0#focus">View original.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1886
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1860-1889
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/c0e5c3e97c92512791403eb6e7afac25.jpg
459291c848176d9e46c246b4f31bf2d4
Still Image
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Original Format
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Gelatin silver print
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
View from the Washington Monument
Description
An account of the resource
This photograph was taken from the top of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/36">Washington Monument</a> in 1942. The <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/52">Smithsonian Castle</a> and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/55">National Museum of Natural History</a> are visible in the middle of the picture. <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/364">In the 1930s, the trees on the Mall were removed and rows of American elms were planted</a>, per the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/350">McMillan Plan</a> for the Mall proposed in 1901. This picture clearly shows the rows of young trees stretching on either side of the open middle section of the Mall.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Cornell University Library. <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornelluniversitylibrary/3678166249/">View original</a>.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1920-1949
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/f112cf5a2d5131edbf59ec6fc3b4a043.jpg
dc34d41208d9884b89686a2397d3e767
Document
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Text
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<p class="p1">Conrad's boarding house was on the south side of Capitol hill and commanded an extensive and beautiful view. It was on the top of the hill, the precipitous sides of which were covered with grass, shrubs and trees in their wild uncultivated state. Between the foot of the hill and the broad Potomac extended a wide plain, through which the Tiber wound its way. The romantic beauty of this little stream was not then deformed by wharves or other works of art. Its banks were shaded with tall and umbrageous forest trees of every variety, among which the superb Tulep-Poplar rose conspicuous; the magnolia, the azalia, the hawthorn, the wild-rose and many other indigenous shrubs grew beneath their shade, while violets, anemonies and a thousand other sweet wood-flowers found shelter among their roots, from the winter's frost and greeted with the earliest bloom the return of spring. The wild grape-vine climbing from tree to tree hung in unpruned luxuriance among the branches of the trees and formed a fragrant and verdant canopy over the greensward, impervious to the noon day-sun. Beautiful banks of Tiber! delightful rambles! happy hours! How like a dream do ye now appear. Those trees, those shrubs, those flowers are gone. Man and his works have displaced the charms of nature. The poet, the botanist, the sportsman and the lover who once haunted those paths must seek far hence the shades in which they delight. Not only the banks of the Tiber, but those of the Potomack and Anacosta, were at this period adorned with native trees and shrubs and were distinguished by as romantic scenery as any rivers in our country. Indeed the whole plain was diversified with groves and clumps of forest trees which gave it the appearance of fine park. Such as grew on the public grounds ought to have been preserved, but in a government such as ours, where the people are sovereign, this could not be done. <em>The people</em>, the poorer inhabitants cut down these noble and beautiful trees for fuel. In one single night seventy tulip-Poplars were <em>girdled</em>, by which process life is destroyed and afterwards cut up at their leisure by the people. Nothing afflicted Mr. Jefferson like this wanton destruction of the fine trees scattered over the city-grounds.</p>
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Mall in 1800
Description
An account of the resource
In this passage, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/118">Margaret Bayard Smit</a>h describes the Mall as it was when she first arrived in Washington in 1800, a plain covered in trees, shrubs, and flowers. By the time she wrote this passage in 1837, the banks of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/40">Tiber</a> had been transformed into the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/41">Washington Canal</a>, and the groves had been harvested for timber for the new city.
Creator
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Margaret Bayard Smith
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry">Smith, Margaret Bayard. <a><em>The First Forty Years of Washington Society</em></a>. Edited by Gaillard Hunt and J. Henley Smith. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1906.</div>
</div>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1837
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1800-1829
building the mall
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/0e7d0d8eaaddeea28a67c447f867576d.jpg
0eefc7d3fea9334b9b8d6d50383b8343
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Text
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<p class="p1">To the Editor of The Post - Sir: May I thank Mrs. Charles Edward Russell, whose letter appears in the january 6 issue of the The Post, for her bitter outcry against the cutting down of our glorious trees to make way for more roads?</p>
<p class="p1">The offices in which I am employed open on the Mall and during the five years I have been here I have rejoiced in a group of magnificent oaks just outside of our windows. One tree in particular blessedly shaded us through long summer days when the heat was intense. In winter its wide arms were held up to receive the rains and the winds from heaven so that its youth might be renewed with the coming of spring.</p>
<p class="p1">Near the base of this tree I kept a shallow bowl filled with water for the birds and squirrels that play hereabouts. One day a few brief weeks ago a group of men came up to "my" tree, kicked away the bird bath, and proceeded to hack down the great, beautiful oak. It had not one single dead twig or branch upon it. And now its place is marked by a stretch of grassless, hideous earth, like a scar left by a sickening disease.</p>
<p class="p1">Indeed I think the souls of men who permit the cutting down of our splendid trees are very sick. We who looked on at the slaughter of the oaks (a second one, not so nearly perfect as the larger tree, also fell under the ax) were sick at heart. Perhaps sentiment does lie back of people's grief for fallen trees, but can we afford to let go of our sentiments?</p>
Original Format
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newspaper article
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Protesting Tree Destruction
Description
An account of the resource
In the 1930s, the National Park Service moved forward with a plan to remove trees on the Mall and replace them with rows of American Elms. Katherine Rowland worked in an office near the Mall and wrote to the editors of the Washington Post to protest the tree destruction in general and specifically the removal a tree which shaded her office window and under which she had set a bird bath. Despite the opposition of Rowland and people like her, the trees were removed.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Katherine Rowland
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<em>The Washington Post</em>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
01/10/1934
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1920-1949
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/6864c7f89f7e85d519f83065e6db2cd0.jpg
6e0c094b4fcb5e0f8a3bae282d78bc16
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/3ccf25692ff2044c3a702184586cd08c.jpg
0a478681ac7fdaa7348546349ee82c57
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Plan for the Mall with Annotations
Description
An account of the resource
Downing's proposed Mall design with annotations added by RRCHNM staff
Still Image
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Original Format
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Drawing, with modern digital annotations
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Title
A name given to the resource
Downing's Plan for the Mall
Description
An account of the resource
<a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/84">Andrew J. Downing</a> presented this proposal for a <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/205">landscape design of the National Mall</a> to President Millard Fillmore in February 1851. He incorporated the Capitol's western front (left) and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/20">White House grounds (right)</a>, fulfilling Pierre L'Enfant's desire for the two buildings to be connected by a park-like space. Downing divided the Mall into six spaces, connected by winding paths. As he wrote in a letter to the President a month after presenting his plan, he wanted the Mall to "form a public museum of living trees and shrubs." Downing's plan was never fully implemented, in part due to his <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/11">early death in 1852</a> at the age of 36.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Andrew Jackson Downing
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
National Archives at College Park. <a href="http://research.archives.gov/description/6087997">View original</a>.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1851
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1830-1859
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/e883750b71b3cf1a12e14b2da40b1e6f.jpg
cbf4062d7f2cf1a9c7038da6738888fe
Still Image
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Original Format
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Design Plan
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mills' Proposed Plan of the Mall
Description
An account of the resource
<p class="p1">In 1840, Secretary of War Joel Poinsett commissioned <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/114">Robert Mills</a> to create a plan for the recently <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/162">proposed Smithsonian Institution's building</a> and the grounds from the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/59">Capitol</a> to the future site of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/36">Washington Monument</a>. Mills broke the Mall into sections, with formal botanical gardens near the Smithsonian Building, which he set on the north side of the Mall. The area near the Washington Monument was meant to evoke the wilderness, with numerous trees and curving pathways. Only a portion of the plan, the landscaping for the Smithsonian grounds, was ever developed.</p>
Creator
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Robert Mills
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
National Archives at College Park. <a href="http://research.archives.gov/description/6087995">View original</a>.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1841
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1830-1859
design & monuments
environment
ghost mall
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/9930831b0d414663cb6589434e1eadc0.png
35b925a66f9b8e69b2afa3273c46868b
Still Image
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Original Format
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sketch
Physical Dimensions
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593 x 371 px
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Baltimore & Ohio Train Depot, 1835
Description
An account of the resource
The brick Baltimore and Ohio Railway Depot stood at the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and Second Street on lots formerly occupied by a cabinet maker and a boarding house. Fitted with offices, living rooms, and a waiting room, an agent and a staff of fewer than half a dozen men managed passenger, baggage and freight. A few thousand people flocked to the station to greet the first trains arriving in 1835, welcomed at the District line by the mayor and the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/144">Marine Band</a>. The first passengers were escorted to nearby taverns and hotels for entertainment. Most then, returned to Baltimore, where their journey originated.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<em>Records of the Columbia Historical Society</em>, 27 (1925): 179.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1925
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1830-1859
commerce & trade
everyday life
ghost mall
neighborhood