1
10
22
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/15f7135052ca25c35490ff1f689135fc.gif
979b02afa8cafcbeee36e25a341765ab
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
First Name
for nav purposes
Eric
Last Name
for nav purposes
Carlson
Birth Date
1894
Birthplace
Oakland, California
Death Date
08/02/1932
Occupation
Military
Activist
Biographical Text
The Bonus March was a protest and occupation of the National Mall by World War I veterans who were demanding pensions. Lack of work because of the Great Depression made the need for pensions particularly pressing. Nearly 43,000 participated in the protest. Some camped on the Mall or nearby, while others occupied government-owned buildings near the Mall. <br /><br />On July 28, 1932, Attorney General William D. Mitchell ordered the veterans be removed from the Mall and their other camps. Resistance to police pressure led to an outbreak of violence. Many were injured, but Carlson was mortally wounded and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/407">William Hushka</a> was killed. When police action proved insufficient to remove the protesters, Army Chief of Staff <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/115">Douglas MacArthur </a>brought soldiers onto the Mall, supported by six tanks, to remove the remaining demonstrators and burn their shelters and belongings.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Eric Carlson
Description
An account of the resource
World War I US Army veteran Eric Carlson joined the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/169">1932 Bonus March</a> to seek early payment of pension money promised veterans by the government. He was shot during a confrontation between marchers and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/106">DC police</a>, who were trying to evict the marchers from their campsites. Another marcher, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/407">William Hushka</a> was also shot and died instantly; Carlson died from his wounds within a week of being shot, on the same day that Hushka was buried with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. Carlson was also buried at Arlington.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1920-1949
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96500547/">View original photograph</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Eric Carlson
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/7a3749d3e71a5744c7495930b31cdff0.gif
979b02afa8cafcbeee36e25a341765ab
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
1895
Birthplace
Lithuania
Death Date
07/28/1932
Occupation
Military
Activist
Biographical Text
Hushka was born in Lithuania and moved to the United States at some point before World War I, settling in Missouri. When war broke out, he sold his butcher shop, leaving the money with his wife while he joined the Army. At that time became a citizen of the United States. After the war he had trouble keeping a job, and his wife divorced him.<br /><br />High unemployment rates due to the Great Depression motivated World War I veterans to press for their pension payments. The Bonus March was a protest and occupation of the National Mall by nearly 43,000 demonstrators. Some camped on the Mall or nearby, while others occupied government-owned buildings near the Mall. <br /><br />On July 28, 1932, Attorney General William D. Mitchell ordered the protesters be removed from the Mall. Resistance to police pressure led to an outbreak of violence. Many were injured, but Hushka was killed and Eric Carlson mortally wounded. <br /><br />When the police proved unable to evict the marchers, Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur brought soldiers onto the Mall, supported by six tanks, to remove the remaining demonstrators and burn their shelters and belongings.
First Name
for nav purposes
William
Last Name
for nav purposes
Hushka
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
William Hushka
Description
An account of the resource
William Hushka, an immigrant from Lithuania, was a World War I US Army veteran who joined the 1932 <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/169">Bonus Marchers</a> in their campaign to secure early payment of veterans' pensions from the government. Along with fellow veteran and marcher <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/434">Eric Carlson</a>, Hushka was shot and killed by <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/106">police</a> as they were trying to evict the Bonus Marchers from their encampment in Washington. He was buried with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery less than a week after being shot.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96500547/">View original photograph</a>.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1830-1859
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
William Hushka
neighborhood
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/65f328a27f6ab4eb8650a9b67d27bda9.jpg
6f987da502bfc6205b00dac99b2b6a82
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
First Name
for nav purposes
Eleanor
Last Name
for nav purposes
Roosevelt
Birth Date
10/11/1884
Birthplace
New York, New York
Death Date
11/07/1962
Occupation
Patron of the Arts
Activist
Politician
Biographical Text
Born 1884, Anna Eleanor was a member of the prominent Roosevelt family of New York. Her father was the brother of Theodore Roosevelt. In 1905, she married Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a distant cousin. Throughout her adulthood, Roosevelt was publicly outspoken on issues she considered important, such as expanded roles for women in the workplace and the rights of African Americans, Asian Americans, and refugees.
FDR was elected President of the United States in 1932, having served as Governor of New York since 1929. During her time as First Lady (1933-1945), Roosevelt wrote a regular newspaper column called "My Day" in which she discussed not only her daily life but the humanitarian issues she was working on. Within the White House, she often brought humanitarian and civil rights issues to the attention of her husband and his administration.
After her husband’s death, Roosevelt remained active in politics. President Harry S. Truman appointed her a delegate to the newly-formed United Nations in 1945, and she served as the first chair of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. At the FDR memorial on the National Mall, Eleanor Roosevelt stands in front of the United Nations symbol, emphasizing her important role in the early years of that organization. For the rest of her life, Roosevelt remained an outspoken advocate of human and civil rights.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Eleanor Roosevelt
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1920-1949
Description
An account of the resource
As First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt championed equal opportunity for all races and for women, often communicating the opinions of civil rights leaders to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his administration. Roosevelt resigned from Daughters of American Revolution in 1939 when they refused to allow <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/76">Marian Anderson</a> to sing in Constitution Hall because she was African American; she then helped organize Anderson's <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/101">concert at the Lincoln Memorial</a>. Roosevelt was also an ally to <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/97">A. Philip Randolph</a>, particularly in the early 1940s when <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/329">civil rights leaders were protesting discrimination in the defense industry</a>. Roosevelt encouraged her husband to meet with Randolph and others in 1940, and again in 1941.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. <a href="http://research.archives.gov/description/195319">View original photograph</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Eleanor Roosevelt
civil rights
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/886d2a29a62e019bed129cdf54abd3b5.jpg
7c9ca4e537f0645f1eddfbf4962728d6
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image.
563 x 800px
Birth Date
Mary, 1832
Emily, 1835
Birthplace
Maryland
Death Date
Mary, 1853
Emily, 1895
Occupation
Activist
Bibliography
Although their father was a free man, the Edmonson sisters, Mary and Emilia, were born into slavery under common law practice that children followed the status of their mother. In Washington, DC, the girls were leased out to work in private homes. In 1848, the Edmonson sisters and four of their brothers joined an attempted escape from slavery via the Potomac and Chesapeake Rivers to freedom in the north.
Slaves from the unsuccessful escape effort were sold immediately into plantation labor in the south. While his daughters were transported to slave markets in New Orleans, the Edmonsons' father worked desperately to raise money for their freedom. Yellow fever broke out in New Orleans and the sisters were returned north to Alexandria,VA, where they were hired out as domestic slaves. Edmonson continued the campaign to free his daughters.
Abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher championed Mr. Edmonson's cause, raising funds to purchase the sisters and to free them. Upon their emancipation in 1848, the sisters began formal education in Ohio, working as free domestic servants to support themselves.
A statue to the Edmonson sisters stands on Duke Street in Alexandria, near the former site of one of the largest slave markets in the south. Erik Bome sculpted the 10-foot-tall bronze.
First Name
for nav purposes
Emily and Mary
Last Name
for nav purposes
Edmonson
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Edmonson Sisters
Description
An account of the resource
Mary and Emily Edmonson were among the 77 enslaved African Americans who boarded the schooner, Pearl, in 1848 intending to sail down the Potomac, then north to freedom. <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/287">Captured when the Pearl becalmed</a>, the Edmonson sisters were jailed. They awaited sale as slaves in New Orleans while their father, a freeman, worked to raise money to buy their freedom. Abolitionists, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, heard of their plight and launched a fundraising effort that lead to the sisters' emancipation. The Edmonsons later studied at Oberlin College in Ohio, and became active anti-slavery crusaders.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1830-1859
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cph/item/91789694/">View original image</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Edmonson Sisters
civil rights
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/465bd05b3124492ee2af326eac100462.jpg
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Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Width
281
Height
420
Bit Depth
8
Channels
3
Dublin Core
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Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
http://apps.nlm.nih.gov/againsttheodds/exhibit/action_on_aids/AIDS_memorial_quilt.cfm
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/5bf23bcdb20f0dc7da14895e7dfed946.jpg
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Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Width
459
Height
587
Bit Depth
8
Channels
3
IPTC String
date_created:22.02.2009
IPTC Array
a:1:{s:12:"date_created";s:10:"22.02.2009";}
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
English: Free free to use this photo. Just link to the photo page or Greg In Hollywood (http://greginhollywood.com/)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Greg Hernandez
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
10/11/1954
Birthplace
West Lafayette, Indiana
Occupation
Activist
Biographical Text
Cleve Jones is a activist for AIDS and LGBT rights. He was born in West Lafayette, Indiana, and grew up in Scottsdale, Arizona. While studying political science at San Francisco State University, Jones worked as an intern in the office of Harvey Milk, the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California. During his internship, Milk was assassinated along with San Francisco Mayor George Moscone. Jones dropped out of school and moved to Sacramento to work as a legislative consultant for members of the state assembly. He returned to San Francisco in 1982 to work in the district office of a state assemblyman. In 1983 he co-founded the San Francisco AIDS Foundation. <br /><br />In 1985, during a candlelight memorial vigil for Milk and Moscone, Jones had marchers write the names of loved ones who had died of AIDS on pieces of paper, which were then taped to the side of a federal building. The patchwork of names reminded Jones of a quilt and inspired him to create a quilt memorial to those who had died of AIDS. <br /><br />In 1987, Jones and others created the NAMES Project Foundation, which maintains and displays the quilt. The first time the quilt was publicly displayed was in 1987 on the National Mall. At that time it had 1,920 panels; today it has more than 48,000. <br /><br />Jones has worked with numerous organizations to promote awareness of AIDS and fight for LGBT rights. In 2000, he published an autobiography describing his work with Harvey Milk and the origins of the AIDS Quilt.. He was awarded the White House Champions of Change Award in the spring of 2012.
First Name
for nav purposes
Cleve
Last Name
for nav purposes
Jones
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cleve Jones
Description
An account of the resource
Cleve Jones is a human rights activist who created the idea of a memorial quilt commemorating people who have died of AIDS. The first time the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/182">NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt </a>was displayed was October 11, 1987, when it was laid out in full on the National Mall. At that point it had 1,920 panels. At this display, Jones read out the names of his friends who had died, the start of a list of the names of all memorialized by the quilt. The AIDS quilt has returned to the Mall in 1996 and in 2012, although it is now too large to display all at once.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
NAMES Project Foundation
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1980-1999
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cleve Jones
design & monuments
museums
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/ae7681ee0f48d9dcbdb512f1d6c57efc.jpg
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Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Width
641
Height
642
Bit Depth
8
Channels
1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Meeting of American Society of Newspaper Editors, bust portrait, seated at a table before a microphone
Description
An account of the resource
Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsc-01266 (digital file from original negative)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Trikosko, Marion S.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1964 Apr. 15
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
No known restrictions on publication.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
LC-U9- 11814-28 [P&P]
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
01/12/1920
Birthplace
Marshall, Texas
Death Date
07/09/1999
Occupation
Activist
Biographical Text
<p>James Leonard Farmer Jr. was born in Marshall, TX in 1920. His father, James Farmer Sr., was a Methodist minster and one of the first African American men in the state to earn a PhD. The family moved to Mississippi and back to Texas during Farmer's childhood as his father took teaching positions at various colleges. Farmer was accepted at the age of 14 to Wiley College in Marshall, TX. In 1938, he graduated and moved on to Howard University in Washington, DC, where he studied religion. His master's thesis examined the interrelatedness of economics, religion, and race.</p>
<p>During his time at Howard, Farmer began to work with the Fellowship of Reconciliation, a pacifist Quaker organization. In 1942, Farmer cofounded the Committee of Racial Equality (CORE), an interracial civil rights organization dedicated to the idea that racial equality is necessary for a just society. Throughout the 1940s and 50s, Farmer was a prominent civil rights leader, fighting to end segregation.</p>
<p>In early 1961, he became the National Director of CORE, now the Congress of Racial Equality. He led the first group of Freedom Riders, an interracial group of activists who rode buses in southern states to desegregate them. Farmer and his fellow activists were repeatedly threatened and attacked, as they worked to confront the racial segregation across the south. Farmer was one of the organizers of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom but could not attend the March because he had been arrested in Louisiana while protesting segregation. His speech was read by a fellow CORE member, Floyd McKissick, who would take over as director of the organization when Farmer resigned in 1966. Farmer's resignation was prompted by increasing conflict over whether civil rights activists should take more confrontational action in their protests.</p>
<p>He spent the 1970s working with the Council on Minority Planning and Strategy and organizations which promoted integrated housing. In 1984, Farmer accepted a position as a professor at the College of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, VA, where he taught until 1998, a year before his death. He published an autobiography, "Lay Bare the Heart," in 1986. In 1998, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his work for racial equality.</p>
First Name
for nav purposes
James
Last Name
for nav purposes
Farmer
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
James L. Farmer Jr.
Description
An account of the resource
James Farmer was one of the leaders of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/190">1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>. As one of the founders of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE), an interracial civil rights organization, and its National Director in the early 1960s, Farmer was a major figure in organizing civil rights protests. While he participated in the planning for the March on Washington, Farmer was unable to attend the event because he had been arrested at a protest in Louisiana. But, imprisonment did not prevent him from being heard in Washington: his speech was read by fellow CORE member Floyd McKissick. In the speech, Farmer declared that the fight for racial equality would not end "until the dogs stop biting us in the South and the rats stop biting us in the North."
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cph/item/2003688125/">View original photograph</a>.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950-1979
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
James L. Farmer Jr.
civil rights
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/bdb389ac2e797927e5d521a1747cbfc1.jpg
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Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Width
451
Height
622
Bit Depth
8
Channels
1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview: Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary of the NAACP
Description
An account of the resource
Photograph shows head-and-shoulders portrait of Wilkins.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Leffler, Warren K.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1963 Apr. 5.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
No known restrictions on publication.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Call Number: LC-U9- 9522-6 [P&P]
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
08/30/1901
Birthplace
St. Louis, Missouri
Death Date
08/04/1981
Occupation
Activist
Biographical Text
<p>Roy Wilkins was born in 1901 in St. Louis, Missouri. His parents had moved to the city the year before from Mississippi, fleeing threats of racial violence against his father, a minister. Wilkins's mother died when he was young, and he and his younger sister went to live with their aunt and uncle in St. Paul, Minnesota. He graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1923 with a bachelors degree in sociology.</p>
<p>In 1922, Wilkins had become the editor of a local black newspaper. After graduating, Wilkins moved to the Kansas City area to work as the editor of the <em>Call</em>, a weekly paper that served the African American communities of Kansas City, Missouri, and Kansas City, Kansas. In 1931, Wilkins became the assistant secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, serving with Executive Secretary, Walter White. It was this position which led to his participation in the planning of the 1941 <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/329">march</a> on Washington organized by <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/97">A. Philip Randolph</a>, which was cancelled after President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/328">executive order</a> banning discrimination in the national defense industry.</p>
<p>When Walter White died in 1955, Wilkins was unanimously named Executive Secretary of the NAACP by the Board of Directors. The landmark Supreme Court decision banning school segregation, <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em>, was issued the year before, and during his tenure as Executive Secretary, Wilkins had to grapple with the competing strategies of the growing number of civil rights organizations. In 1963, Wilkins was one of the leaders of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/190">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>. At the event, his speech addressed the continuing existence of segregation in schools and called on Congress to take decisive action.</p>
<p>Wilkins retired in 1977 and lived the rest of his life in New York, NY.</p>
First Name
for nav purposes
Roy
Last Name
for nav purposes
Wilkins
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Roy Wilkins
Description
An account of the resource
Roy Wilkins was a prominent civil rights activist who held leadership positions within the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from 1931 until 1977. In 1941, he helped coordinate staff and financial support from the NAACP for <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/97">A. Philip Randolph</a>'s <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/329">proposed march</a> on Washington to protest discrimination and segregation in the government. Although the march did not happen, it did result in an executive order banning discrimination in the national defense industry. In 1963, Wilkins was one of the leaders of the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/190">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>, and in his speech, he emphasized the need for Congressional action on school desegregation.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cph/item/2003688134/">View original photograph</a>.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1920-1949
1950-1979
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Roy Wilkins
civil rights
politics & protest
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/450b68b0365f3dc449a9719c897866b3.jpg
0a6893536c6b957226007b3379d085b9
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
06/11/1880
Birthplace
Missoula County, Montana
Death Date
05/18/1973
Biographical Text
Jeannette Rankin was born near Missoula, Montana in 1880. After college Rankin worked as a social worker, reformer, pacifist, and activist for women's suffrage. She was the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress, from her home state in 1916. A year later, she earned a second distinction by joining 49 of her House colleagues in voting against U.S. entry into World War I. That vote destroyed her prospects for reelection in 1918. <br /><br />She served as an officer of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom during the early 1920s and, as a lobbyist for the Women's Peace Union, which campaigned to outlaw war. Rankin became a part-time resident of Georgia where she founded the Georgia Peace Society in 1928. The following year she joined the National Council for the Prevention of War as its chief Washington lobbyist and field organizer. <br /><br />In 1940, riding a tide of isolationism, Rankin won her second term in the House. The December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor put an end to US isolationism, but Rankin remained true to her anti-war beliefs. She was the only member of Congress to vote against declaring war on Japan. <br /><br />She captured the attention of the public for the last time in 1968 by leading the Jeannette Rankin Brigade, some 5,000 feminists, pacifists, radicals, students, and others, to the Capitol to demonstrate against the Vietnam War.
First Name
for nav purposes
Jeannette
Last Name
for nav purposes
Rankin
Occupation
Politician
Activist
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jeannette Rankin
Description
An account of the resource
Jeanette Rankin was the first woman member of Congress. Rankin served two nonconsecutive terms in 1916 and again in 1940, giving her the unique ability to vote against US entry into war for both World War I and World War II. Rankin continued her activism for women's rights and pacifism for her entire life. In 1968, at age 87, Rankin led a march on Washington of women's peace organizations who protested US involvement in the Vietnam War. Five thousand women descended on the National Mall, voicing their protest on the opening day of the 1968 Congressional session.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1890-1919
1920-1949
1950-1979
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cph/item/2004672791/">View original image</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jeannette Rankin
military history
politics & protest
work & play
-
https://mallhistory.org/files/original/8c9a95eb2c4b2705b983f376e74d49cb.jpg
123b364a5602a1eca44fb2c6648f64d2
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
03/17/1912
Birthplace
West Chester, Pennsylvania
Death Date
08/24/1987
Occupation
Activist
Biographical Text
<p>Born in West Chester, Pennsylvania in 1912, Bayard Rustin was raised by his grandparents. He attended the African Methodist Episcopal Church with his grandfather and Quaker Meeting with his grandmother. Rustin's grandparents were active members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which meant that as a child Rustin met civil rights activists and advocates, including W.E.B. Du Bois.</p>
<p>After taking classes at both Wilberforce University in Ohio and Cheyney State Teachers College in Pennsylvania, Rustin moved to New York’s Harlem neighborhood and earned money as a singer. He studied at the City College of New York and by the late 1930s, he joined the Young Communist League because of the Party’s commitment to civil rights for African Americans.</p>
<p>Rustin left the Communist Party following the outbreak of World War II and shifted his political activity to the Socialist Party where he met <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/97">A. Philip Randolph</a>. In 1941, Randolph and Rustin led an effort to <a href="http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/cancelled-march">march on Washington</a> in protest of racial discrimination in the defense industry. Randolph cancelled the march after President Frankin D. Roosevelt signed <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/328">Executive Order 8802</a> requiring equal access to federally-funded defense jobs. In 1942, Rustin advised James L. Farmer, Jr, George Houser, and Bernice Fisher, as they founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). As a pacifist, Rustin opposed World War II and never registered for the draft. He was arrested in 1944 for violating the Selective Service Act and served 28 months in prison.</p>
<p>After his release in 1946, Rustin continued to work for racial justice while practicing nonviolent civil resistance. He participated in a 1947 effort to integrate public transportation in the United States, travelled to India in 1948 from associates of Mahatma Gandhi's techniques in non-violence resistance.</p>
<p>In 1953, he was arrested in California for homosexual activity. At the time, homosexuality was illegal in many US states. Rustin was not outspoken about his sexuality, but he also never denied that he was homosexual in order to avoid prosecution. This arrest as well as his brief membership in the Communist Party were often used to discredit him, his work, and his causes. Concerns about Rustin's vulnerability to criticism meant that other civil rights leaders often wanted his involvement in specific actions to be anonymous. For example, although he was instrumental in organizing the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/190">1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>, some of the March's leaders said that he should not receive any public credit for his work in case it endangered the March.</p>
<p>Rustin founded the A. Philip Randolph Institute in 1965, which guided the AFL-CIO in its work on civil rights and economic justice. He continued to work for economic justice and African American civil rights during the 1960s and 1970s. He also became active in the movement for gay and lesbian rights. A lifelong pacifist, he opposed the war in Vietnam. He died in 1987, survived by his longtime partner Walter Naegle. In 2013, Naegle accepted the Presidential Medal of Freedom given posthumously to Rustin for a lifetime of fighting for human rights and peace in the US and internationally</p>
First Name
for nav purposes
Bayard
Last Name
for nav purposes
Rustin
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Bayard Rustin
Description
An account of the resource
Rustin was a crucial force driving civil rights activism, especially in organizing protests on the National Mall. The first March on Washington movement emerged in <a href="http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/cancelled-march">1941</a> when African American activists, including Rustin, successfully pressured President Franklin D. Roosevelt to end racial discrimination in federal hiring. By threatening to march in Washington during World War II, Rustin and his colleagues changed federal policy without needing to march. In 1963, Rustin was a pivotal organizer for the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/190">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>. Rustin remained behind the scenes during the event on the Mall, but he was recognized as co-organizer with <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/97">A. Philip Randolph</a> on the cover of <em>LIFE</em> Magazine.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950-1979
1920-1949
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cph/item/2003688133/">View original photograph</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Bayard Rustin
civil rights
politics & protest
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https://mallhistory.org/files/original/d8e8e37dc8b5821b825a45e9f2de57d1.jpg
31b5842531ab4443b79f90b806c9e2bf
Omeka Image File
The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.
Width
700
Height
514
Bit Depth
8
Channels
3
IPTC String
byline:LBJ Library photo by Yoichi Okam
object_name:W409-27
IPTC Array
a:2:{s:6:"byline";s:32:"LBJ Library photo by Yoichi Okam";s:11:"object_name";s:7:"W409-27";}
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Whitney Young at White House, January 18, 1964
Source
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whitney_Young_at_White_House,_January_18,_1964.jpg
Publisher
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Wikimedia Commons
Date
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January 18, 1964
Rights
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Public Domain
People
An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.
Birth Date
07/31/1921
Birthplace
Lincoln Ridge, Kentucky
Death Date
03/11/1971
Occupation
Activist
Biographical Text
Whitney Moore Young Jr. was born in 1921 in Kentucky. His father, the senior Whitney Young, was president of Lincoln Institute, a private African American college. He graduated from Kentucky State Industrial College at Frankfort in 1941 with a degree in social work. <br /><br />After a brief period as an assistant principal at a high school, he enlisted in the US Army in 1942. Young was a member of the 369th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group, an all-black unit. His experiences in the segregated army inspired him to turn his attention to issues of racial justice. <br /><br />After the war, he earned a masters degree in social work from the University of Minnesota in 1948. Immediately after graduating, Young began work with the National Urban League, (NUL), a community-based organization which emphasizes economic opportunity and civil rights. By 1950, he was the president of Omaha, Nebraska, chapter of the NUL. Young moved to Atlanta in 1954 to become dean of the School of Social Work at Atlanta University. <br /><br />In January 1961, Young was appointed the executive director of NUL. It was in this capacity that he became involved in the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/190">1963 March on Washington</a>, acting as one of the six leaders of the march. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 by President Lyndon Johnson. <br /><br />Young died in 1971 while in Nigeria attending a conference on relations between the United States and Africa. President Richard Nixon delivered the eulogy at his funeral.
First Name
for nav purposes
Whitney
Last Name
for nav purposes
Young
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Whitney Moore Young Jr.
Description
An account of the resource
From 1961 to 1971, Whitney Young was the Executive Director of the National Urban League (NUL), a civil rights organization which emphasizes economic parity and self-reliance. In March 1963, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/97">A. Philip Randolph</a> asked Young and the NUL to participate in a proposed <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/190">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> to be held in August. Young agreed and became one of the organizers of the March, known as the Big Six.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1950-1979
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Wikimedia Commons. <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whitney_Young_at_White_House,_January_18,_1964.jpg">View original photograph</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Whitney Moore Young Jr.
civil rights
politics & protest